A homogeneous model of the Deacon cell in a circumpolar ocean     

Liping Wang  Rui Xin Huang 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1998,28(3-4)

Dynamics of the three-dimensional structure of the wind-driven Deacon cell in a β-plane channel are discussed in a homogeneous model in the presence of a sufficiently high ridge. The emphasis is on the water mass balance: how the northward surface Ekman drift is returned. It is demonstrated that a sufficiently high ridge can break up the geostrophic constraint and a net geostrophic volume flux across the open latitude band is allowed. It is found that: (1) the Deacon cell is a fundamentally three-dimensional structure, (2) wind forcing can drive an inter-basin water mass exchange in the Southern Ocean, and (3) zonal through-channel transport in the circumpolar ocean varies at different longitudes.  相似文献   

Effect of land–ocean contrast on the structure of anomaly tropical circulation     

Binson Joseph  Prashant Goswami 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1998,28(3-4)

While the important role of land–ocean contrast (LOC) in the mean atmospheric circulation is well-known, an intriguing question remains as to whether LOC can also significantly influence the anomaly circulation. This question is particularly important in the tropics, where a large part of the variabilities is known to be due to convective internal dynamics, which in turn can be significantly affected by LOC. In the present work, we investigate this question using a model of convectively driven anomaly circulation in the tropics. Emphasizing the lower tropospheric flow, we adopt a model describing the horizontal dynamics of the first baroclinic mode on an equatorial β-plane, in the presence of moist feedbacks. We introduce LOC in both latitudinal and longitudinal directions. Land surface dryness is taken into account in the moisture budget through the control of evaporative flux. A constant non-latent heating term is used over land in order to represent radiative and sensible heating effects. First, a control run is performed, numerically, without any LOC using random initial perturbations. The gravest mode that emerges from the control run, which is a wave-2 feature with a period around 20 days, is then used as the initial field for the model runs with LOC. The results show that LOC can significantly influence even the tropical variabilities. A latitudinal LOC, with a land mass in the northern hemisphere (north of 10°N), tends to shift the region of maximum precipitation slightly north of the equator with accompanying steeper gradients near the land–ocean boundary. The implications of this result for our understanding of Asian summer monsoon conditions are discussed. When LOC is only in the longitudinal direction, the dominant wave structure that emerges from the model run has wavenumber one and a period of about 35 days, very similar to the observed 30–60 day oscillation. In our final experiment, which is nearer to the realistic land–ocean configuration in the tropics, it is found that both latitudinal and longitudinal effects of LOC are important aspects of the tropical anomaly circulation. It is suggested that some of the patterns in the precipitation distribution, observed in the tropics and simulated using general circulation models are results of convectively induced internal dynamics, modulated by LOC.  相似文献   

The transmission of spatially-compact internal wave packets through a critical level     

A. Javam  L. G. Redekopp   《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1998,28(3-4)

Results are presented from numerical simulations of the incidence of a spatially-compact beam of internal waves on a shear layer containing a critical level. It is found that a significant fraction of the energy of the incident beam is transmitted across the critical level when the packet is narrow in physical space and when the energy density of the packet is not too high so that nonlinear effects are weak. As either the packet width or its energy density increases, the presence of a critical level renders the shear layer increasingly opaque to the transmission of energy. The familiar exponentially small value of the transmission coefficient is recovered as the spatial width of the packet exceeds (roughly) eight to ten wave lengths.  相似文献   

Cu²⁺对青蛤的胁迫效应     

梁健  雷雅雲  李永仁  郭永军  邢克智 《海洋科学》2015,39(11):74-78

为研究青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)对重金属Cu~(2+)的蓄积作用及免疫机能的影响,开展了Cu~(2+)对青蛤的急性毒性实验,观察青蛤在96 h Cu~(2+)半致死浓度和安全浓度胁迫下,不同组织的蓄积趋势,及血淋巴液中SOD、CAT和ACP活性的变化。结果显示:Cu~(2+)的半致死浓度为0.807 mg/L,安全浓度为0.00807 mg/L。鳃和内脏团组织中蓄积的Cu~(2+)浓度与处理时间呈正相关;在半致死和安全浓度胁迫下,鳃组织中Cu~(2+)蓄积速度均快于内脏团;在半致死浓度胁迫下血淋巴液中SOD、CAT和ACP活性呈现先诱导再抑制的趋势,安全浓度下无明显变化,但均高于对照组水平。  相似文献   

重金属胁迫对两种海洋饵料微藻的急性毒性效应研究     

于小娣  师玥  刘泳  周斌  王其翔  张鑫鑫  唐学玺  王悠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(2)

在模拟生态环境条件下研究了铜(Cu2+)、镉(Cd2+)和锌(Zn2+)3种重金属离子对2种海洋饵料微藻(青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)和等鞭金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana 8701))的急性毒性效应,分析其对种群增长的影响,并利用透射电镜对微藻亚显微结构的变化进行分析。在实验浓度范围内,2种微藻的种群增长对3种重金属离子的急性胁迫表现出类似的变化趋势,随着胁迫浓度的增加,微藻的相对增长率均呈现出不断下降的趋势;通过比较2种微藻的48hEC50和96h-EC50发现:3种重金属离子的毒性程度为Cu2+Cd2+Zn2+,等鞭金藻8701对重金属胁迫的敏感性高于青岛大扁藻。2种微藻的亚显微结构观察显示,二者的膜结构及细胞核对Cu2+胁迫并不太敏感;与对照组相比等鞭金藻8701的色素体及贮能物质受影响较严重,而青岛大扁藻的叶绿体及淀粉粒受影响较大。  相似文献   

急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹选育群体血液生化指标的影响     

区又君  范春燕  李加儿  于娜  苏慧 《海洋学报》2014,36(4):126-131

本文研究了水环境急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹Trachinotus ovatus选育群体血液生化指标的影响。实验设计了急性低氧试验组和对照组,每组3个平行。结果显示,急性低氧胁迫后选育群体的血清离子含量与对照组相比都有不同程度的升高,其中钠、氯、钙浓度与对照组相比差异显著(p0.05),铁浓度极显著高于对照组(p0.01);血清蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、血脂、血糖等指标的差异较大,其中尿酸、肌酐极显著高于对照组(p0.01),总蛋白、总胆固醇显著低于对照组(p0.05);血清中肌酸激酶含量极显著高于对照组(p0.01),肌酸激酶同工酶显著高于对照组(p0.05),γ-谷氨酰转肽酶含量显著低于对照组(p0.05);其他指标均有不同程度的升高或降低,但差异不显著。研究表明,急性低氧胁迫造成卵形鲳鲹鳃、肾、心脏和肝脏损伤,免疫力下降。  相似文献   

实验室培养端足类日本大螯蜚对镉的毒理敏感性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王睿睿  闫启仑  韩明辅  陈红星  闫吉成  王超 《海洋学报》2008,30(3):160-164

沉积物毒性生物检测是沉积物环境质量评价重要内容之一[1].在沉积物毒性生物检测实验中,常用的受试生物有端足类(Amphipoda)、多毛类(Polychaeta)、软体动物(Mollusca)、棘皮动物(E-chinodermata)和枝角类(Cladocera)等中的部分种类[2-3].端足类是目前开展海洋沉积物毒性检测的优选受试生物,对其研究工作进行的最多,经验积累也最丰富,用其进行的有关沉积物毒性检测的方法也比较成熟[3].目前国外已有20多种海洋端足类用于沉积物毒性生物检测中.野生受试生物受季节、数量的限制不能满足检测工作的需要.  相似文献   

苦参地肤洗剂治疗急性湿疹42例临床观察          下载免费PDF全文

刘琪  谢明艳  张状金 《应用海洋学学报》2021,37(9):15

目的：探讨苦参地肤洗剂治疗急性湿疹的临床疗效。方法：将急性湿疹患者84 例随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各42 例。治疗组采用苦参地肤洗剂冷湿敷治疗,对照组采用3%硼酸洗液冷湿敷治疗,疗程均为2周。观察2组湿疹面积及严重程度指数（EASI）评分、瘙痒程度［视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分］及生活质量指数（DLQI）评分,并评定综合疗效。结果：总有效率治疗组为92.86%（39/42）,高于对照组的76.19%（32/42）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后EASI评分及治疗前后EASI评分差值2组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后VAS评分、DLQI评分及其治疗前后差值2组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：苦参地肤洗剂治疗急性湿疹效果明显,使用方便,疗效较3%硼酸洗液优,值得临床推广。  相似文献   

急性盐度胁迫对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性和渗透压的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范春燕  区又君  李加儿  于娜  苏慧  王刚 《台湾海峡》2012,31(2):218-224

研究了水环境急性盐度胁迫对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATP(NKA)酶活力,血清、鳃丝和肾脏渗透压的影响.结果表明:将幼鱼从盐度30(对照)中直接转移至盐度5、10、15、20、25、35水体中,96 h后无死亡.各盐度处理组的鳃NKA酶活性和血清渗透压在最初72 h内出现一定波动,随后变化平稳.试验结束时(96 h),NKA活性随盐度梯度呈"U"型分布,盐度35处理的酶活高于其他处理,盐度20处理活性最低.各处理的血清渗透压大小在96 h时,随着盐度的变化,以盐度15、20为中心,呈对称变化,在盐度20后随盐度上升呈先上升后下降的趋势.相同盐度的鳃渗透压随时间变化呈先上升后下降逐渐稳定的趋势.肾渗透压除盐度5、10处理外,其他盐度组随时间没有显著变化,维持一定的稳定性.说明卵形鲳鲹幼鱼在生理上具有广盐性鱼类的"高渗环境高NKA活性"特征,有较强的渗透压调节与平衡能力.  相似文献   

广州SARS流行过程的空间模式与分异特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

曹志冬  王劲峰  高一鸽  韩卫国  冯晓磊  曾光 《地理研究》2008,27(5):1139-1150

根据广州市SARS感染者的家庭住址信息进行空间化处理,得到了不同SARS感染人群在空间上的分布,并用数据模型定量表达了广州市SARS疫区的传播中心及其置信范围,结合SARS接收医院中心点的分布及其变化规律,对不同感染人群传播中心的异质性及其变化规律进行了分析,结果表明:随着疫情的发展,广州市SARS传播中心具有明显的向SARS接收医院中心点接近的趋势,且变化规律与SARS接收医院中心点的迁移规律大致相同,医院传播对广州市SARS传播过程有重要影响,且经历了由强到弱再到强的变化过程。本文研究有助于更好地了解SARS及其他新型传染病在都市区的空间传播扩散过程,并为公共卫生应急预案提供科学依据。  相似文献